Merleau-Ponty or a new theory of reflection
Résumé
During a critical confrontation with the other philosophies, Merleau-Ponty often examines the intellectuality of the opposite positions and so creates the radicality of its philosophy and its reflection. We can then wonder how a philosophy of the sensitive so close to the art establishes itself, by putting the irreducibility in the concept and in the speech of an essential relationship with the world. How the articulation of a negative speech - which does criticism of the intellectualism and the empiricism - and of a positive speech bound connected to the phenomenology produce a new thought of the reflection ? The positivity of the thought integrates the critical speech, is dependent on it, and we can wonder moreover if the new concept of reflection is not dependent or prisoner of a critical perspective. In what reflection to reach ? How reflect the native, pre-objective experience ? How to bring the dumb experience to the expression of its own sense ? To think the reflection supposes the fact of thinking of the articulation between the perceptive and pre-objective world and the objectivity, the reflection or of rethinking another type of reflection : "[...] there is a meaning of the perceived which is unprecedented in the universe of the understanding, a perceptive environment which is not still the objective world, a perceptive being who is not still determined being"1. Does not the consideration of a pre-reflexive cogito make problem in a philosophy which throws back the idealistic tradition ?