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, 613 Figure captions, p.615

, Figure 1: The image on page 74 of the Codex Dresden depicts a torrential downpour probably 616 associated with a destructive flood, 1972.

, Figure 2: A large part of the Central Maya Lowlands (outlined with a red dashed line) is drained by the, p.619

. Usumacinta, During the Pre-Classic period this river was the main supplier of sand 620 contributing to the formation of the extensive beach ridge plain at the Gulf of Mexico coast (B) 621 Periods of low rainfall result in low river discharges and are associated with relatively elevated beach 622 ridges. The extend of the watersheds of the Usumacinta and Dulce River is calculated from SRTM 1- 623 arc data (USGS, 2009) Indicated are archaeological sites (squares) and proxy records discussed in the 624 text

. Akers, 2016) and the Cariaco basin The Cariaco 629 record is conform updated age-depth model (Fig. A10) Climate records related to North Atlantic 630 atmospheric-oceanic forcing are indicated in panel C, including the drift ice reconstruction from the 631 North Atlantic, the Northern Hemispheric residual atmospheric ? 14 C content 632 (Reimer et al., 2013), the Northern-to Southern hemispheric temperature anomaly) and reconstructed Total Solar Irradiance (TSI), p.2014, 2001.

, Figure 4:Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC) analysis between the beach ridge record and the 636

. Reimer, 2013)(A) and the North Atlantic ice drift 637 record The beach ridge record is significantly in anti-phase with both records at 638 approximately 500 yr time scale, indicating an important role of North Atlantic atmospheric-oceanic 639 forcing on precipitation in the Maya Lowlands during the Pre-Classic period. The 5% significance level 640 against red noise is shown as a thick contour, Northern Hemispheric atmospheric ? 14 C record, 2001.

, Appendix: Additional figures, vol.644, p.645

, Figure A1: Location of proxy records indicated in figure A2 and/or mentioned in the main text, p.646

, Northern Maya Lowlands, p.647

. Si=silvituc, M. Southern, and . Lowlands, NRL=New River Lagoon, p.648

P. Tu=tuspan, . Sa=peten-itza, M. Salpeten, C. Chasm, and . Ha, , p.649

. Balum, the Maya Highlands (Oc/Na= Ocotalito and Naja, Am=Amatitlan, and Pet=Petapilla, p.650

. After-amador, Jx=Juxtlahuacan, and Alj=Aljojuca) and the 651 marine record from the Cariaco (C) basin. Annual precipitation (1950-2000) calculated with 652 WorldClim version 1.4 (release3); Hijmans et al Long term (1958-1998) mean ITCZ position 653 and wind at 925 hPa (m.s -1 ) for, 1996.

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F. A2adouglas, Palaeoprecipitation records from the Central Maya Lowlands and Yucatan; Beach ridge 657 elevation and Tuspan diatom record (this study), compiled record of Central Peten and Yucatan 658 Salpeten and Chichancanab dD wax-corr, Peten-Itza ? 18 O, p.660, 1998.

. Akers, Macal Chasm ? 18 O Chen Ha ? 18 O Yok Balum ? 18 O (Kennett 661 et al., 2012), Rio Secreto ? 18 O (Medina-Elizalde et al. Silvituc DV-pollen, 2016.

. Hodell, Punta Laguna ? 18 O (Hodell et al, p.18, 1995.

, Figure A2b: Proxy records from the Central Maya Lowlands, the Maya Highlands and Central Mexico, p.666

. Peten-itza-charcoalschüpbach, Peten-Itza pollen Naja Pinus 668 (Domínguez-Vázquez and Islebe, Amatitlan 667 Aulacoseira and Pinus Petapilla Pinus Ocotalito Sr Aljojuca ? 18 O (Bhattacharya 669 et al. Cueva del Diablo ? 18 O Juxtlahuaca ? 18 O (Lachniet et al. and Juanacatlan Ti -15 point running mean, 1996.

, Age-distance model for beach ridge transect B (after Nooren et al, Figure, vol.3, 2017.

A. Figure, Summarized proxy record of Lake Tuspan sediment core C. The 1-4 cm thick dark 675 palaeoflood-layers contrast with the predominantly light coloured calcareous deposits, and are 676 characterized by elevated detrital input, resulting in elevated concentrations of Si (cps = counts per 677 second), amorphous silica (% of dry weight), and charred plant fragments, p.678

, Only the relative abundance of 'key' diatom species are shown here and the small and often dominant 679

, Denticula elegans and Nitzschia amphibia species were excluded from the diatom sum. The first 680

, PC-1) is interpreted as a lake water salinity indicator, with low values 681 corresponding to high salinity waters, reflecting relatively dry conditions, Principal Component axis

A. Figure and C. Diatom-record-for-lake-tuspan-core, Diatom concentration (*1000 valves/g dw) were 685 determined on 37 selected 1-cm samples and diatom percentages (only the 'key species' are shown 686 here) were determined on the 123 subsamples at 4-12 cm contiguous intervals. The small and often 687 dominant Denticula elegans and Nitzschia amphibia species were excluded from the diatom sum

, Figure A6: Detailed diatom record around one of the larger flood event ~1200, BCE, vol.690, p.691

. Galop, Age-depth model for Tuspan core C. The age-depth model is based on a lineair 692 interpolation between calibrated ages of radiocarbon dated terrestrial macroremains from core A 693 The model is most reliable for ages between, Figure, vol.7, 2014.

A. Figure, Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC) analysis between the beach ridge record and the 697

. Akers, The 5% significance level against red noise is shown as 698 a thick contour. Arrows indicate phase difference, Macal Chasm ? 18 O record, 2016.

, Figure A9: Mean annual discharge of the Usumacinta river at Boca del Cerro

D. De and A. Superficiales, compared with the total solar irradiance 703 (TSI) The TSI is comprised of the reconstruction from 1700-2004 (Krivovo at al., 2007), concatenated 704 with observations from the Total Irradiance Monitor (TIM) on NASA's Solar Radiation and Climate 705 Experiment (SORCE) from 4.56 watts are added to the TIM 706 measurements as previous reconstructions were calibrated against less accurate measuring equipment, 2005.

F. A10haug, Updated age-depth model for Cariaco core 1002D Original model 2001) has 710 been based on a lineair interpolation of calibrated ages We applied a 4th order polynomal fit through 711 modelled ages calculated with a P_sequence model (Oxcal 4.2), pp.712-722, 2009.

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