N. Abdallaoui-maan, Language in Morocco with Reference to Arabization and Education, 1979.

N. Abdallaoui-maan, Reading Strategies of Learning of English as a Foreign Language, Ecole des Sciences de l'Information, 2001.

N. Abdallaoui-maan, A Theoretical Framework for Developing Reading Materials for Tertiary Education Students. Abdallaoui Maan, N. Reading Course for Moroccan Learners of English in Tertiary Education, 2007.

H. Abadzi and M. Martelli, Efficient Reading for Arab Students. Implications from Neurocognitive Research. Paper Presented at the World Summit for Innovation in Education (WISE), 2014.

A. K. Abu-leil, D. L. Share, and R. Ibrahim, How does speed and accuracy in reading relate to reading comprehension in Arabic? Psicológica, vol.35, pp.251-276, 2014.

S. Abu-rabia, Reading Arabic Texts: Effects of Text Type, Reader Type and Vowelization, Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, vol.10, pp.105-119, 1998.

S. Abu-rabia, The role of morphology and short vowelization in reading morphological complex words in Arabic: Evidence for the domination of the morpheme/rootbased theory in reading Arabic, Creative Education, vol.3, issue.4, pp.486-494, 2012.

O. S. Adelore and . Itasanmi, The Use of Two ICT Tools in Adult Literacy Programmes: Lessons Learned, Journal of Education and Practice, vol.7, issue.20, pp.138-144, 2016.

A. Daoud, Education non formelle au Maroc les déterminants de la qualité dans les programmes d'alphabétisation, Critique Economique, N, vol.32, pp.41-64, 2014.

A. A. Alamri and T. S. Zamuner, Phonological, Semantic, and Root Activation in Spoken Word Recognition in Arabic, Proceedings of the 2015 annual conference of the Canadian Linguistic Association, 2015.

P. A. Alexander and &. E. Fox, A Historical Perspective on Reading Research and Practice, Theoretical models and processes of reading, pp.3-46, 2013.

R. C. Anderson and D. Pearson, A Schema-Theoretic View of Basic Processes in Reading Comprehension, Handbook of Reading Research, 1984.

D. E. Ashford, Perspectives of a Moroccan Nationalist, 1964.

S. Ayari, Diglossia and illiteracy in the Arab world , Language, Culture and Curriculum, vol.9, issue.3, pp.243-253, 1996.

F. Badry, Acquisition of Arabic Word Formation a Multi-Path Approach, 2005.

, Perspectives on Arabic Linguistics XVII-XVIII Papers from the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Annual Symposia on Arabic Linguistics, vol.264, pp.243-272

A. F. Beeston, The Arabic Language Today, 1970.

A. Bentolila, Lorsque l'école ne parle pas la langue de ses élèves, 2011.

A. Bentolila, La politique linguistique, en finir avec les faux semblants. Actes du colloque International sur l'Education. Casablanca, pp.4-5, 2013.

A. Bentolila, Participe Passé : « La Paresse de la Langue Cache une Paresse de la pensée, 2018.

A. Benavot, Literacy in the 21st Century: Towards a Dynamic Nexus of Social Relations, International Review of Education, vol.61, issue.3, 2015.

S. Boudelaa and W. D. Marslen-wilson, Productivity and Priming: Morphemic Decomposition in Arabic, Language and Cognitive Processes, vol.26, issue.4, pp.624-652, 2011.

. Bouguidou, L'évaluation du transfert des apprentissages des bénéficiaires des programmes d'alphabétisation au Maroc. Varias-Esprit Critique, vol.27, pp.21-37, 2017.

L. P. Carrel, Some Causes of Text-Boundedness and Schema-Interference in ESL Reading, Interactive Approaches to Second Language Reading, 1988.

J. Cassidy, Beyond the Common Core: Examining 20 Years of Literacy Priorities and Their Impact on Struggling Readers, Literacy Research and Instruction, vol.55, issue.2, pp.91-104, 2016.

J. Cassidy, What's Hot in Literacy for 2017: Topics Garnering Attention in 2017, Literacy Research and Instruction, vol.56, issue.4, pp.311-321, 2017.

J. P. Chauffour, Morocco 2040 Emerging by Investing in Intangible Capital, The World Bank Group, 2017.

L. Cohen, Research Methods in Education. London and, 2007.

J. W. Creswell, Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, 2007.

M. Deen-swarray, Toward digital inclusion: Understanding the literacy effect on adoption and use of mobile phones and the Internet in Africa. Information Technologies & International Development, vol.12, pp.29-45, 2016.

A. Deutsch, Verbs and nouns are organized and accessed differently in the mental lexicon: evidence from Hebrew, Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, vol.24, issue.5, pp.1238-1255, 1998.

A. Dighe and U. V. Reddi, Women's Literacy and Information and Communication Technologies: Lessons That Experience Has taught Us, New Delhi: Commonwealth Educational Media Centre for Asia, 2006.

L. L. Dodson, Minding the Gaps: Cultural, Technical and Gender-based Barriers of Mobile Use in Oral-Language Berber Communities in Morocco, Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development, vol.1, pp.79-88, 2013.

, European Commission, 2012.

K. S. Goodman, The Psycholinguistic Nature of the Reading Process, 1968.

P. B. Gough, One Second of Reading, Theoretical Models and Processes of Reading, 1976.

D. Greenberg, A randomized control study of instructional approaches for struggling adult readers, 2011.

, Narrowing the Gender Gap: Empowering Women through Literacy Programmes. UNESCO Institute for Lifelong Learning, 2016.

G. F. Hansen, Visual Word Recognition in Arabic: Towards a Language Specific Reading Model, Working Paper Series, issue.13, 2008.

. Haut-commissariat-au-plan, Note d'information du Haut-Commissariat au Plan à l'occasion de la journée internationale de l'alphabétisation du 8 septembre, 2017.

M. Hu and I. S. , Vocabulary density and reading comprehension, Nation, vol.13, issue.1, pp.403-430, 2000.

K. M. Khan and Y. M. Alginahi, The Holy Quran Digitization: Challenges and Concerns, Life Science Journal, vol.10, issue.2, 2013.

W. Kintsch and T. A. Van-dijk, Toward a Model of Text Comprehension and Production, Psychological Review, vol.85, issue.5, pp.363-368, 1978.

M. Kovacevic, Review of HDI Critiques and Potential Improvements, United Nations Development Programme Reports, vol.33, 2010.

B. G. Laufer and . Ravenhorst-kalovski, Lexical threshold revisited: Lexical text coverage, learners' vocabulary size and reading comprehension, vol.22, pp.15-30, 2010.

D. Leu, The New Literacies of Online Reading Comprehension: Expanding the Literacy and Learning Curriculum, Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, vol.55, issue.1, pp.5-14, 2011.

D. Leu, New Literacies: A Dual-Level Theory of the Changing Nature of Literacy. Instruction and Assessment, Journal of Education, vol.197, issue.2, pp.1-18, 2017.

M. Maamouri, Arabic Diglossia and its impact on the quality of Education in the Arab Region, Mediterranean Development Forum, 1998.

B. Makhoul and R. Ibrahim, Could an Interactive-Balanced Environment for Reading Acquisition Overcome the Triad Risk Factors: Low Socioeconomic Status, Low Literacy Skills and Language Properties?, Psychology, vol.5, pp.2200-2217, 2014.

,

R. C. Mccall, Evidence-Based Instructional Strategies for Adult Learners: A Review of the Literature. Codex (2150-086X), vol.4, pp.29-47, 2018.

D. F. Mellard, Underlying Reading-Related Skills and Abilities Among Adult Learners, Journal of Learning Disabilities, vol.48, issue.3, pp.310-322, 2015.

B. J. Meyer, Identification of the Structure of Prose and its Implications for the Study of Reading and Memory, Journal of Reading Behavior, pp.7-47, 1975.

C. Miller, Evolution des Pratiques, Evolutions des Représentations ? Petit Retour sur le Débat Autour de la Valorisation de la darija au Maroc, Etudes et documents berbères : pp. 101-120. HAL Id : halshs-01471131, 2016.

H. A. Patrinos and S. Sosale, Mobilizing the Private Sector for Public Education. A View from the Trenches, 2007.

P. D. Pearson and G. N. Cervetti, Research-Based Practices for Teaching Common Core Literacy, 2015.

C. Pellegrini, Marchandisation et privatisation de l'enseignement des langues au Maroc, Esprit Critique : Revue Internationale de Sociologie et de Sciences sociales, (CNAM), vol.1, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01722397

E. Saiegh-haddad, Linguistic Distance and Initial Reading Acquisition: The Case of Arabic Diglossia, Applied Linguistics, vol.24, pp.431-451, 2003.

E. Saiegh-haddad, Linguistic Constraints Children's ability to Isolate Phonemes in Arabic, Applied Psycholinguistics, vol.28, pp.607-625, 2007.

S. Davis and S. , Empowering Women Weavers? The Internet in Rural Morocco. Information Technologies and International Development, vol.4, pp.17-23, 2007.

S. Schmida, Connecting the Next Four Billion: Strengthening the Global Response for Universal Internet Access. USAID, Dial Digital Impact Alliance and SSG Advisors, 2017.

N. P. Stromquist, Adult Literacy and Women: A Present Account, Dialogue in Social Justice, I, issue.1, pp.18-22, 2016.

. The-world and . Bank, Expectations and Aspirations. A New Framework for Education in the Middle East and North Africa, 2019.

. Unesco, Harnessing the Potential of ICTs Literacy and Numeracy Programmes using Radio, TV, Mobile Phones, Tablets and Computers, Education for All 2015 National Review Report: Morocco. For further information, please contact: efa2015reviews@unesco.org UNESCO, 2000.

, Reading the Past, Writing the Future: Fifty Years of Promoting Literacy, UNESCO, 2017.

, The status of adult learning and education in the Arab States, Regional Report prepared by Sami Nassar, 2017.

, EdData II Task Order 15: Data for Education Programming in Asia and Middle East, UNESCO, 2014.

D. A. Wagner, Literacy, Culture and Development: Becoming Literate in Morocco, 1993.

D. A. Wagner, Smaller, quicker, cheaper: alternative strategies for literacy assessment in the UN Literacy Decade, International Journal of Educational Research, vol.39, pp.293-309, 2003.

D. A. Wagner, Learning and Education in Developing Countries: Research and Policy for the Post-2015 UN Development Goals, 2014.

D. A. Wagner and . .-&-r.-kozma, New Technologies for Literacy and Adult Education: A Global Perspective, 2005.

D. A. Wagner, Learning and Literacy: A Research Agenda for Post-2015, International Review of Education, vol.61, issue.3, pp.327-341, 2015.

J. F. Wallwork, Language and People, 1978.

A. Wenden, Learner Strategies for Learner Autonomy, 1991.

L. Wetheridge, Girls' and women's literacy with a lifelong learning perspective: issues, trends and implications for the Sustainable Development Goals, 2016.

N. Walliman, Research methods: the basics, 2011.

P. T. Wilson and . Anderson, What They Don't Know Will Hurt Them: The Role of Prior Knowledge in Comprehension, pp.31-49, 1986.