, girls with TS had significantly lower scores than , an 1068 EF deficit, at least partially independent of visual-spatial 1069 impairments, could be observed in girls with TS and may 1070 be associated with the ADHD profile, a variable, among 1071 others, 2011.

, Concerning the potential impact of estrogen treat-1138 ment on EF abilities, only two samples among the six-1139 teen included in the present analysis (Ross et al. 1998, 1140 and neuroplasticity, as 1153 well as its neuroprotective effects (Crider and Pillai 1154 2016), strengthens the argument that estrogen therapy 1155 could improve cognition in TS. Therefore, compliance 1156 regarding this therapy, Moderator Variables of Executive Functions 1074 in Children with Turner Syndrome 1075 In the current meta-analysis, heterogeneous results across 1076 samples were observed for three EF tasks, the MFFT, the 1077 phonemic fluency verbal task, and the WCST, 2007.

. Kiliç, Another possibility to dif-1260 ferentiate the visual-spatial deficit and EFs impairments 1261 would be to decompose EF tasks, as Roy et al. (2010) the ROCF copy, namly, the "Formulation" condi-1265 tion (similar to the classic task) and the "Execution" con-1266 dition. In this last condition, planning abilities play a less 1267 important role. Five sheets are successively presented to 1268 children, The prevalence of psychiatric disorders, such as anx-1166 iety, depression, or ADHD, is higher in patients with TS 1167, 2001.

, To 1277 our knowledge, only one study explored the impact of exec-1278 utive dysfunctions in daily lives of girls with TS (Lepage 1279 et al. 2013b) where authors administrated the Behavior 1280 Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF; Gioia 1281 et al. 2002). The BRIEF is a questionnaire which assesses 1282 executive impairments in daily life at home, with the Parent 1283 Form, and at school, with the Teacher Form. Lepage et al. 1284 (2013b) used the Parent Form and the results revealed that 1285 there were more complaints concerning EF difficulties in the 1286 TS group in comparison with the control group, Finally, the present meta-analysis was focused exclusively 1276 in pencil-and-paper EF tasks or computerized EF tasks

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